Key Formulas:
- Gross Profit Margin: (Revenue - Cost of Goods Sold) ÷ Revenue × 100
- Operating Profit Margin: (Revenue - COGS - Operating Expenses) ÷ Revenue × 100
- Net Profit Margin: (Revenue - All Expenses - Taxes) ÷ Revenue × 100
- EBITDA Margin: (Revenue - COGS - Operating Expenses + Depreciation + Amortization) ÷ Revenue × 100
Understanding Each Margin:
- Gross Margin: Shows how efficiently you produce goods/services before overhead costs
- Operating Margin: Reveals operational efficiency after including business expenses
- Net Margin: The bottom line - what percentage of revenue becomes actual profit
- EBITDA Margin: Operating performance excluding financing and accounting decisions
Industry Benchmarks:
Profit margins vary significantly by industry. Software companies often have 70-90% gross margins, while grocery stores typically operate on 1-3% net margins. Compare your margins to industry averages to assess competitiveness and identify improvement opportunities.
Business Applications:
Profit margin analysis helps evaluate pricing strategies, cost control effectiveness, operational efficiency, and overall business health. It's crucial for investor presentations, loan applications, and strategic planning.